Banksy: The Enigmatic Artist Challenging Societal Norms

Banksy is a pseudonymous England-based street artist whose true identity remains a mystery to the public. Active since the 1990s, his distinctive stenciled artwork often features striking and thought-provoking imagery, accompanied by dark humor and political, social, or cultural commentary. Banksy's art has gained international recognition and sparked widespread debate, turning him into a symbol of subversive and countercultural expression.


Blurring the lines between vandalism and public art, Banksy's works can be found on walls, streets, and bridges across the world, often appearing overnight and surprising unsuspecting viewers. His art tackles diverse subjects, such as war, capitalism, surveillance, and the plight of refugees, challenging societal norms and inviting viewers to question the world around them. Despite his anonymity, Banksy continues to leave an indelible mark on the global art scene, with his creations becoming cultural touchstones and inspiring a new generation of street artists.


Banksy's work has faced criticism from those who argue that his commercial success and mainstream appeal have contributed to the gentrification of street art. Critics contend that his popularity has led to the appropriation and commodification of a once-rebellious art form, transforming it into a lucrative business that caters to wealthy collectors and investors.


Our project aims to analyze and illustrate the ways in which Banksy's art has become intertwined with mainstream culture, despite its roots in rebellion and subversion. By delving into the interconnectedness of his creations and their influence on popular media, consumer products, and public discourse, we seek to shed light on the complexities and contradictions surrounding Banksy's rise to fame.


Through the use of Linked Open Data, we explore the broader context of Banksy's work, revealing its relationships with contemporary events, artistic movements, and socio-political issues. By doing so, our project offers valuable insights into how the artist's provocative imagery has managed to capture the public's imagination, subsequently leading to its integration into the mainstream cultural landscape. Additionally, we examine the implications of this phenomenon, considering the potential impact on the future of street art and the ever-evolving role of art in society.

ITEMS

  • All
  • Images
  • Texts
  • Map

Girl with Balloon

Girl with Balloon

Wikipedia article

This biography describes the life and history of Banksy as a street artist and a political activist. The text reveals details about speculations on Banksy's identity, describes his career and explains what is Banksy effect.

instagram

banksy's Instagram

Wall and Piece

Banksy. Wall and Piece

Banksy and the Rise of Outlaw Art

Banksy and the Rise of Outlaw Art

Jago, Banksy, TVboy e altre storie controcorrente

Jago, Banksy, TVboy e altre storie controcorrente

Banksy was here. The invisible man of graffiti art

Article summarizes all opinions about Banksy and what an artists says about his arts. Banksy sees himself as a “quality vandal,” operates in secret, but his scenes of anti-authoritarian whimsy have won him a colossal following. “The art world is the biggest joke going,” he has said. Also the text shows a lot of details about how Banksy promotes himself and his works. Lazarides, his agents, play a big role in the media success of Banksy.

Justin Biber's News

Tattoo

Banksy's Map

Banksy's Map

PestControlOffice

PestControlOffice

Conceptual Map

Our project is centered on the study of Banksy and his artwork. The items we have selected provide a comprehensive understanding of the various aspects and controversies surrounding his artistic career. The objective of our conceptual map is to effectively represent the data obtained from these items, all presented in natural language. This process includes not only the accurate extraction of information from the chosen resources but also the identification and depiction of the relationships between them.

Metadata analysis

In our project, we have employed several widely recognized metadata schemes and vocabularies to describe and represent the items and their associated information. These schemes facilitate interoperability and ensure a consistent representation of the data:

  • schema.org: A comprehensive vocabulary for structured data markup that is widely adopted by search engines, enabling the creation and sharing of structured data on the web.
  • CIDOC CRM: The Conceptual Reference Model (CRM) developed by the International Council of Museums (ICOM) is a comprehensive framework that outlines the key concepts and relationships necessary for the accurate representation of cultural heritage materials. It goes beyond the conventional description of physical artifacts by emphasizing spatial and temporal aspects, as well as the events that influence the items preserved by cultural heritage institutions. CIDOC CRM has a strong affiliation with the museum community, facilitating the exchange and integration of knowledge.
  • Dublin Core: A widely used metadata standard, Dublin Core provides a simple and flexible set of elements for describing various resources, such as text, images, and multimedia content, to improve their discoverability and usability.
  • The MARC 21 Format for Bibliographic Data is a comprehensive system that encapsulates specifications required to encode, manage, and retrieve various bibliographic materials. It is a unified format devised to identify and describe diverse types of bibliographic content. It is specifically designed to cater to a wide array of materials including, but not limited to, books, serials, computer files, maps, music, visual materials, and mixed material. The incorporation of formerly separate bibliographic formats into a single system ensures uniform definitions and usage across different forms of material.
  • KML: Keyhole Markup Language (KML) is an XML-based notation for representing geographical data, including points, lines, and polygons. It is used to annotate and visualize geographic information in mapping applications like Google Maps and Google Earth.

By leveraging these schemas, we can effectively describe our items and their relationships in a structured, standardized, and machine-readable manner, ensuring the optimal organization and accessibility of the data in our project.

Metadata Alignment

In this key step of our project, we align the metadata from different institutions and standards, connecting the items in a clear and consistent manner. Our main goal is to use shared semantic ontologies to present data coherently. By effectively aligning metadata, we can create a unified understanding of the information

Property Schema.org DC MARC21 CIDOC CRM NewsML KML
Creator Creator creator 100 - Main Entry - Personal Name E39 Creator
P94 has created (was created by)
P14 carried out by (performed)
creator -
Author Author creator 100 - Main Entry - Personal Name P94_has_created (was_created_by) ​->
P14_carried_out_by E39_Actor
name atom:author
Contributor Contributor contributor 710 - Added Entry - Corporate Name P11_had_participant provider -
Publisher Publisher publisher 100 - Main Entry - Personal Name E39 Creator
P94 has created (was created by)
P14 carried out by (performed)
creator -

Property Schema.org DC MARC21 CIDOC CRM NewsML KML
Current location address location 852 - Location P55_has_current_location locality address
Creation Location locationCreated location 260 - Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint) P168 place is defined by (defines place)
P53_has_former_or_current_location
located -

Property Schema.org DC MARC21 CIDOC CRM NewsML KML
Creation Date dateCreated created 388 - Time Period of Creation P4 has time-span (is time-span of) contentCreated -
Publication Date datePublished created 362 - Dates of Publication and/or Sequential Designation P4 has time-span (is time-span of) contentCreated TimeSpan
Date of Foundation dateCreated created - P92_was_brought_into_existence_by ->
E63_Beginning_of_existence ->
P4_has_time-span->E52_Time-Span
- -
Property Schema.org DC MARC21 CIDOC CRM NewsML KML
Type category type 336 - Content Type E55 Type
P2_has_type
type -
Subject about subject 072 - Subject Category Code P129 is about (is subject of)
P104 is subject to (applies to)
- -
Title name title 240 - Uniform Title E35 Title
P102 has title (is title of)
P37 assigned (was assigned by)
title -
Language Language language 041 - Language Code P72_has_language
> E56_Language
language -
Creation Date dateCreated date 388 - Time Period of Creation P4 has time-span (is time-span of) contentCreated -

E/R Model

The entity-relationship model serves as the second layer of abstraction for our project, showcasing data and relationships derived from the conceptual map. In this model, we represent various elements such as people, dates, subjects, and places as entities, while capturing the connections between them as relationships. This approach enables a structured and systematic representation of the information and associations present within the conceptual map.

Theoretical Model

The theoretical model displays a new level of interpretation. The model is enriched with information from the Web. The goal is to answer these questions:

Our theoretical model will address four key aspects:

  • WHO? People related to the main topic and their role.
  • WHAT? Description of the objects: their scope and features.
  • WHERE? Places and meaningful locations.
  • WHEN? Relevant dates and events.

Conceptual Model

Data Description

CSV files have been created for each item based on the conceptual model. These files are structured with columns corresponding to subject/predicate/object triples, where subjects and objects are in natural language, and predicates are represented as properties from the chosen ontologies.

The goal is to provide a meaningful representation for each cultural artifact. CSV files can be found and downloaded on the individual web pages of each item.

Additionally, RDF visualizations are available for each item on its web pages. The visualizations aim to present a graphical representation of the relationships and connections between entities, offering an intuitive way to understand the structure and context of the described items.

Subject Predicate Object
Article rdf:type crm: E31 Document
Article Schema:category Article
Article Schema:datePublished "May 7, 2007"
Article Schema:Publisher The New Yorker
Article Schema:Language English
Article Schema:Author Lauren Collins
Article Schema:About Anonymity and criticism
Article Schema:About Banksy
Article Schema: About bnksy:Girl with Balloon

Download CSV file

Subject Predicate Object
ex:Mural rdfs:label ex:Title1, ex:Title2
ex:Mural rdf:type crm:E22_Man-Made_Object
ex:Mural crm:P53_has_former_or_current_location ex:MuralLocation
ex:Mural crm:P129_is_about ex:MuralTopic
ex:Mural crm:P14_carried_out_by viaf:51384525
ex:Mural crm:P108i_was_produced_by ex:MuralProduction
ex:MuralLocation rdf:type crm:E53_Place
ex:MuralLocation geo:lat 51.5086
ex:MuralLocation geo:long -0.1169
ex:MuralLocation crm:P87_is_identified_by ex:MuralLocationName, ex:MuralLocationAddress
ex:MuralProduction rdf:type crm:E12_Production
ex:MuralProduction crm:P14_carried_out_by ex:Banksy
ex:MuralProduction crm:P33_used_specific_technique ex:StencilStreetArt
ex:MuralProduction crm:P4_has_time-span ex:MuralTimeSpan
ex:MuralProduction crm:P14_carried_out_by viaf:51384525
ex:MuralProduction crm:P32_used_general_technique aat:300056477
ex:StencilStreetArt rdf:type crm:E29_Design_or_Procedure
ex:StencilStreetArt rdfs:label "Stencil Street Art"
ex:Banksy rdf:type crm:E39_Actor
ex:Banksy rdfs:label "Banksy"
ex:Banksy crm:P131_is_identified_by ex:BanksyName
ex:BanksyName rdf:type crm:E82_Actor_Appellation
ex:BanksyName rdfs:label "Banksy"
ex:BanksyName crm:P2_has_type ex:BanksyNameType
ex:MuralLocationName rdf:type crm:E44_Place_Appellation
ex:MuralLocationName rdfs:label Waterloo Bridge
ex:MuralLocationAddress rdf:type crm:E45_Address
ex:MuralLocationAddress rdf:label London, UK
ex:MuralTimeSpan rdf:type crm:E52_Time-Span
ex:MuralTimeSpan crm:P82a_begin_of_the_begin 2002
ex:MuralTimeSpan crm:P82b_end_of_the_end 2008
ex:Title1 rdf:type crm:E35_Title
ex:Title1 rdfs:label "Girl with Balloon"
ex:Title2 rdf:type crm:E35_Title
ex:Title2 rdfs:label "There is Always Hope"
ex:MuralTopic rdf:type crm:E89_Propositional_Object
ex:MuralTopic rdfs:label "Hope"
ex:BanksyNameType rdf:type crm:E55_Type
ex:BanksyNameType rdfs:label "Pseudonym"
Download CSV file

Subject Predicate Object
Ex:Exhibition crm:P102_has_title Jago, Banksy, TVboy e altre storie controcorrente
Ex:Exhibition rdf:type crm:E5_Event
Ex:Exhibition crm:P7_took_place_at Ex:ExhibitionVenue
Ex:Exhibition crm:P4_has_time-span Ex:ExhibitionTimeSpan
Ex:Exhibition crm:P129_is_about Non-conventional art
Ex:Exhibition crm:P14_carried_out_by Ex:Artemisia, Ex:PopHouse, Ex:CuratorPiernicolaMariaDiIorio
Ex:ExhibitionTimeSpan rdf:type crm:E52_Time-Span
Ex:ExhibitionTimeSpan crm:P82a_begin_of_the_begin Nov 11 2022
Ex:ExhibitionTimeSpan crm:P82b_end_of_the_end May 7 2023
Ex:ExhibitionVenue rdf:type crm:E53_Place
Ex:ExhibitionVenue rdfs:label Palazzo Albergati
Ex:ExhibitionVenue crm:P87_is_identified_by Ex:ExhibitionVenueName, Ex:ExhibitionVenueAddress
Ex:ExhibitionVenue geo:lat 44.48991
Ex:ExhibitionVenue geo:long 11.33439
Ex:ExhibitionVenue crm:P89_falls_within Ex:Bologna
Ex:ExhibitionVenueName rdf:type crm:E44_Place_Appellation
Ex:ExhibitionVenueName rdfs:label Palazzo Albergati
Ex:ExhibitionVenueAddress rdf:type crm:E45_Address
Ex:ExhibitionVenueAddress rdfs:label via Saragozza 26-28, Bologna, Italy
Ex:Artemisia rdf:type crm:E39_Actor
Ex:Artemisia rdfs:label Artemisia
Ex:PopHouse rdf:type crm:E39_Actor
Ex:PopHouse rdfs:label Pop House Gallery
Ex:CuratorPiernicolaMariaDiIorio rdf:type crm:E39_Actor
Ex:CuratorPiernicolaMariaDiIorio rdfs:label Piernicola Maria Di Iorio
Ex:CuratorPiernicolaMariaDiIorio crm:P2_has_type Ex:CuratorRole
Ex:Bologna rdf:type crm:E53_Place
Ex:Bologna rdfs:label Bologna
Ex:Bologna crm:P89_falls_within Ex:Italy
Ex:Italy rdf:type crm:E53_Place
Ex:Italy rdfs:label Italy

Download CSV file

Subject Predicate Object
Instagram Page dcterms:type Social media platform
Instagram Page dcterms:created October 1, 2013
Instagram Page crm:P65 shows visual item bnksy:Mural
Instagram Page dcterms:creator crm: E21 Person

Download CSV file

Subject Predicate Object
Biography Dcterms:about Banksy
Biography Dcterms:language English
Biography Dcterms:ispartof Wikipedia (electronic resource)
Biography Dcterms:created 10 December 2003

Download CSV file

Subject Predicate Object
map dcterms:ispartof schema:VirtualLocation
map Schema:category Schema: WebPage
map kml:TimeStamp 11 April 2023
map dcterms:about crm: E21 Person

Download CSV file

Subject Predicate Object
Article rdf:type Article
Article dcterms:Creator Chelsea White
Article dcterms:ispartof MailOnline
Article dcterms:created "March 14, 2014"
Article dcterms:about Justin Bieber
Article dcterms:about Banksy
Justin Bieber schema:owns Tattoo
Tattoo crm:P130_shows_features_of "Girl with Balloon, There is Always Hope"
Tattoo Dcterms:creator Glen Hartless
Justin Bieber rdf:type Singer
Glen Hartless rdf:type Tattooist
Tattoo Dcterms:created 12 March 2014
Tattoo Schema:additionalType Controversial
Article dcterms:language English

Download CSV file

Subject Predicate Object
Documentary Schema:category Documentary
Documentary Schema:dateCreated 2020
Documentary Schema:Language English
Documentary Schema:Author Elio Espana
Documentary Schema:Creator Spiritlevel Cinema
Documentary Schema:Publisher YouTube channel Perspective
Documentary Schema:About Banksy
ex:Elio Espana Rdf:label Schema:director
Documentary dcterms: title Banksy and The Rise of Outlaw Art

Download CSV file

Subject Predicate Object
Private limited Company Schema:category Private limited Company
Private limited Company Schema:dateCreated January 14, 2008
Private limited Company Schema:knowsAbout copyright for Banksy's art objects
Private limited Company Schema:locationCreated London, United Kingdom
Private limited Company dcterms: title Pest Control Office

Download CSV file

Subject Predicate Object
Wall and Piece Marc21:336-Content_Type Book
Wall and Piece Marc21:020-International_Standard_Book_Number 1844137864
Wall and Piece Marc21:041-Language_Code English
Wall and Piece Marc21:100-Main_Entry-Personal_Name Banksy
Wall and Piece Marc21:260-Publication_Distribution_Etc. United Kingdom
Wall and Piece Marc21:362-Dates_Of_Publication_And/or_Subsequent_Designation 2005
Wall and Piece Marc21:710-Added_Entry-Corporate_Name Century
Century Rdf:label Random House Group
Wall and Piece dcterms: title Wall and Piece
Random House Group Rdf:type Publisher
Random House Group Schema:dateCreated 1927
Random House Group Schema:location New York, USA

Download CSV file

RDF Production

In the next part of the project, the focus will be on two primary steps: minting URIs and writing rdf triples.

RDF triples are written in the Turtle format.

  • https://w3id.org/banskyproject/Mural
  • https://w3id.org/banskyproject/MuralLocation
  • https://w3id.org/banskyproject/MuralProduction
  • https://w3id.org/banskyproject/StencilStreetArt
  • https://w3id.org/banskyproject/Banksy
  • https://w3id.org/banskyproject/BanksyName
  • https://w3id.org/banskyproject/MuralLocationName
  • https://w3id.org/banskyproject/MuralLocationAddress
  • https://w3id.org/banskyproject/MuralTimeSpan
  • https://w3id.org/banskyproject/GirlWithBalloonTitle1
  • https://w3id.org/banskyproject/GirlWithBalloonTitle2
  • https://w3id.org/banskyproject/MuralTopic
  • https://w3id.org/banskyproject/BanksyNameType
  • https://w3id.org/banskyproject/WallAndPiece
  • https://w3id.org/banskyproject/StreetArt
  • https://w3id.org/banskyproject/Graffiti
  • https://w3id.org/banskyproject/Century
  • https://w3id.org/banskyproject/RandomHouseGroup
  • https://w3id.org/banskyproject/Article
  • https://w3id.org/banskyproject/TheNewYorker
  • https://w3id.org/banskyproject/LaurenCollins
  • https://w3id.org/banskyproject/AnonymityAndCriticism
  • https://w3id.org/banskyproject/Exhibition
  • https://w3id.org/banskyproject/NonConventionalArt
  • https://w3id.org/banskyproject/Artemisia
  • https://w3id.org/banskyproject/PopHouse
  • https://w3id.org/banskyproject/CuratorPiernicolaMariaDiIorio
  • https://w3id.org/banskyproject/CuratorRole
  • https://w3id.org/banskyproject/ExhibitionTimeSpan
  • https://w3id.org/banskyproject/ExhibitionVenue
  • https://w3id.org/banskyproject/ExhibitionVenueName
  • https://w3id.org/banskyproject/ExhibitionVenueAddress
  • https://w3id.org/banskyproject/Biography
  • https://w3id.org/banskyproject/WikipediaElectronicResource
  • https://w3id.org/banskyproject/News
  • https://w3id.org/banskyproject/ChelseaWhite
  • https://w3id.org/banskyproject/MailOnline
  • https://w3id.org/banskyproject/JustinBieber
  • https://w3id.org/banskyproject/Tattoo
  • https://w3id.org/banskyproject/GlenHartless
  • https://w3id.org/banskyproject/InstagramPage
  • https://w3id.org/banskyproject/InstagramPost
  • https://w3id.org/banskyproject/Map
  • https://w3id.org/banskyproject/Documentary
  • https://w3id.org/banskyproject/ElioEspana
  • https://w3id.org/banskyproject/SpiritlevelCinema
  • https://w3id.org/banskyproject/YouTubeChannelPerspective
  • https://w3id.org/banskyproject/PrivateLimitedCompany
  • https://w3id.org/banskyproject/BanksyCopyrightManagement

RDF Visualisation

The RDF visualizations for all items, as well as the entire project, have been created using the RDF Grapher tool.

Team

Matteo Particco

History and Oriental Studies

Olga Makarkina

DHDK

Ulzhan Baizhankyzy

DHDK

Maria Levchenko

DHDK